Christmas markets are a quintessential part of the festive season in Europe, combining the charm of historic settings with the joy of holiday traditions. These markets often trace their roots back centuries, showcasing a blend of cultural heritage, seasonal treats, and handcrafted goods. With cheap flights allowing quick and easy access, it’s never been easier to visit some of Europe’s most historic and festive markets to really get you in the mood for Christmas.
Let’s take a journey through ten of the oldest Christmas markets in Europe, where history meets holiday magic.
1. Dresden Striezelmarkt, Germany (1434)
Located in the heart of Dresden, the Striezelmarkt is widely regarded as the oldest Christmas market in Germany. Its name derives from “Strüzel,” an early name for the famous Dresden Stollen, a festive fruitcake that remains a centerpiece of the market. Originating in 1434 as a one-day event, this market has evolved into a month-long celebration with over 200 stalls selling ornaments, wooden crafts, and traditional Saxon delicacies. The highlight is the giant Christmas pyramid, a towering wooden structure adorned with candles and figurines.
In 2024, the Dresden Striezelmarkt is scheduled to open on November 27 and run until December 24.
2. Vienna Christmas Market, Austria (1298)
Vienna boasts one of the oldest Christmas traditions in Europe. Established by Albrecht I in 1298 as a December market, this precursor to modern Christmas markets offered citizens seasonal goods. Today, the Vienna Christkindlmarkt at Rathausplatz transforms the city into a winter wonderland, with festive lights, ice skating, and mulled wine. Highlights include beautifully crafted ornaments and performances by choirs in the adjacent Rathauspark.
For 2024, the Vienna Christmas Market at Rathausplatz is set to open on November 16 and continue until December 26.
3. Strasbourg Christmas Market, France (1570)
Known as Christkindelsmärik, Strasbourg’s Christmas market is the oldest in France. Established in 1570 as part of the Protestant Reformation, it replaced the traditional Saint Nicholas market to emphasize Christkind (the infant Jesus) as the central figure of Christmas. Strasbourg’s market is renowned for its focus on Alsatian cuisine, from bredele cookies to mulled wine infused with spices, and its massive Christmas tree at Place Kléber.
The Strasbourg Christmas Market typically begins in late November; for 2024, it is expected to start around November 22.
4. Munich Christkindlmarkt, Germany (14th Century)
The Christkindlmarkt in Munich dates back to the 14th century, making it one of Germany’s oldest. Originally centered at the Marienplatz, this market remains steeped in Bavarian traditions. Visitors can find unique items like wooden cribs, hand-painted ornaments, and traditional Bavarian snacks, such as Lebkuchen (gingerbread) and Feuerzangenbowle (a mulled wine set aflame with rum).
In 2024, the Munich Christkindlmarkt is expected to open in late November, around November 27.
5. Frankfurt Christmas Market, Germany (1393)
First documented in 1393, the Frankfurt Christmas Market is among Germany’s oldest and largest. Its towering Christmas tree, typically one of the tallest in Europe, forms the centerpiece of the festivities. Traditional foods, such as Bethmännchen (marzipan cookies), and handicrafts, like nutcrackers and candle arches, are popular offerings. The market also has a rich cultural program, including concerts and performances.
The Frankfurt Christmas Market for 2024 is anticipated to commence on November 25.
6. Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt, Germany (1628)
Nuremberg’s Christkindlesmarkt is arguably one of the most famous in the world, with roots dating back to 1628. This Bavarian market is known for its Christkind, a symbolic angel-like figure who opens the festivities. Visitors flock here to savor Nuremberg’s iconic lebkuchen and bratwurst or browse stalls filled with handmade ornaments, nutcrackers, and traditional toys.
In 2024, the Nuremberg Christkindlesmarkt is scheduled to open on November 29.
7. Tallinn Christmas Market, Estonia (1441)
Tallinn’s market is as charming as it is historic, set against the backdrop of its medieval Old Town, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The market originated in 1441, alongside the tradition of erecting a Christmas tree in the town square—a custom believed to be the first of its kind in Europe. Today, visitors enjoy traditional Estonian delicacies, mulled wine, and artisan crafts in a fairy-tale-like setting.
The Tallinn Christmas Market for 2024 is expected to begin on November 24.
8. Prague Christmas Market, Czech Republic (Late 14th Century)
Prague’s Old Town Square transforms into a festive haven every December, continuing a tradition that began in the late 14th century. The market features intricately decorated stalls selling everything from Bohemian crystal to puppets. Visitors can savor Trdelník (a sweet, spiral-shaped pastry) and warm themselves with svařák (Czech mulled wine) as they admire the city’s iconic Gothic architecture.
In 2024, the Prague Christmas Market is set to open on November 30.
9. Cologne Christmas Market, Germany (Early 15th Century)
Cologne’s Christmas market dates back to the early 15th century and is one of the largest in Europe, attracting millions of visitors annually. Spread across multiple locations, the most famous is the market at Cologne Cathedral. Highlights include regional crafts, live music performances, and Reibekuchen (crispy potato pancakes). The picturesque setting beneath the towering cathedral spires adds a unique charm.
The Cologne Christmas Market for 2024 is anticipated to start on November 25.
10. Basel Christmas Market, Switzerland (1570)
The Basler Weihnacht is Switzerland’s oldest Christmas market, dating back to 1570. Held in the historic Old Town on Barfüsserplatz and Münsterplatz, it offers a cozy, traditional atmosphere with over 180 festively decorated stalls. Basel is particularly noted for its handmade candles, ornaments, and delectable Swiss chocolates. The city also features an Advent calendar projected onto the Rathaus (Town Hall), a charming tradition that captivates visitors young and old.
In 2024, the Basel Christmas Market is scheduled to run from November 28 to December 23.
Preserving History and Spreading Holiday Cheer
The magic of these markets lies not only in their festive offerings but in their ability to preserve and celebrate centuries-old traditions. They connect us to a time when Christmas was more about community and shared experiences than commercialism. Walking through these historic markets, you can almost feel the echoes of past centuries, mingling with the present in a delightful tapestry of sights, sounds, and smells.
Beyond their historical significance, these markets are vital to local economies and serve as platforms for artisans, bakers, and craftsmen to showcase their skills. From the handcrafted nutcrackers of Nuremberg to the intricate glass ornaments in Vienna, the offerings at these markets are a testament to Europe’s rich cultural heritage.
A Timeless European Tradition
Whether you’re drawn to the romance of medieval Tallinn, the grandeur of Vienna’s Rathausplatz, or the culinary delights of Strasbourg, visiting one of Europe’s oldest Christmas markets is a journey into a world where history, culture, and holiday spirit converge. These markets are more than destinations—they are experiences, offering memories that last long after the season has ended.
For those planning to visit in 2024, the starting dates ensure you can soak in the festive cheer as early as late November. Whether you’re browsing for unique gifts, enjoying a cup of mulled wine, or simply taking in the joyous atmosphere, these markets remind us why Christmas in Europe is so magical.
Photo by Niklas Ohlrogge (niamoh.de) on Unsplash
