PureTravel says: “When you think of Africa, images of majestic wildlife, vibrant cultures, and expansive savannahs often come to mind. Tanzania perfectly embodies these iconic elements. As home to Mount Kilimanjaro and the Serengeti, Tanzania boasts the oldest human fossils ever discovered, believed to be the cradle of humanity. Visitors can enjoy unparalleled wildlife safaris, exhilarating climbs, and spectacular scuba diving off the coast of Zanzibar. The country’s palm-fringed beaches are renowned for their stunning beauty and pristine white sands.”
National Parks and Conservation
Tanzania is a jewel in Africa’s crown, celebrated for its breathtaking national parks, each with its distinct allure and vital conservation efforts. Here’s a comprehensive guide to seven of the country’s most spectacular parks, highlighting their unique features, accessibility, and conservation achievements.
Serengeti National Park
- Size: 14,750 square kilometers
- How to Get There: Access is typically via domestic flights from Arusha or Kilimanjaro International Airport to airstrips within the park. Alternatively, a scenic road trip from Arusha, taking around 6-8 hours, offers an immersive prelude to your Serengeti adventure.
- Famous For: The Serengeti is renowned globally for the Great Migration, an awe-inspiring natural spectacle where vast herds of wildebeest and zebras traverse the plains in search of fresh pastures.
- Species Count: Home to over 70 mammal species, including the Big Five, and over 500 bird species. Conservation here focuses on maintaining the migration routes and mitigating human-wildlife conflicts.
Ngorongoro Crater
- Size: 264 square kilometers (Crater floor)
- How to Get There: The Crater is about a 2.5 to 3-hour drive from Arusha. Alternatively, you can fly to a nearby airstrip, with a road transfer to the crater itself.
- Famous For: The Ngorongoro Crater is famed for its dense populations of the Big Five, particularly its endangered black rhinos and prides of lions.
- Species Count: Approximately 25 mammal species and over 100 bird species inhabit this unique volcanic caldera. Conservation efforts here include managing high-density wildlife populations and integrating local communities into protection strategies.
Tarangire National Park
- Size: 2,850 square kilometers
- How to Get There: Reachable by road from Arusha in about 2 to 3 hours or by flying to Kuro Airstrip with a subsequent transfer to the park entrance.
- Famous For: Tarangire is celebrated for its impressive elephant herds, often seen congregating around the Tarangire River during the dry season.
- Species Count: With over 70 mammal species and more than 500 bird species, Tarangire’s conservation efforts are focused on protecting its elephant populations and managing habitat degradation.
Lake Manyara National Park
- Size: 330 square kilometers
- How to Get There: Situated around a 2-hour drive from Arusha, the park is accessible by several entrances providing varied access to its diverse habitats.
- Famous For: Lake Manyara is particularly renowned for its tree-climbing lions and a diverse array of bird species.
- Species Count: The park supports about 30 mammal species and over 400 bird species. Conservation here focuses on protecting its wetland ecosystems and managing human-wildlife interactions.
Ruaha National Park
- Size: 20,226 square kilometers
- How to Get There: Accessible by domestic flights from Dar es Salaam or Arusha to the park’s airstrips. Alternatively, a road trip from Dar es Salaam takes approximately 10-12 hours.
- Famous For: Ruaha stands out for its large predator populations, including lions, wild dogs, and leopards, thriving in its vast wilderness.
- Species Count: Boasting over 80 mammal species and more than 570 bird species, Ruaha’s conservation initiatives concentrate on protecting its extensive wildlife and combating poaching.
Selous Game Reserve (part of the Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor)
- Size: 50,000 square kilometers
- How to Get There: Reachable by domestic flights from Dar es Salaam to airstrips within the reserve. Access by road is lengthy and rugged, typically taking a full day.
- Famous For: Known for its vast elephant herds and black rhinos, Selous is one of Africa’s largest and least disturbed wilderness areas.
- Species Count: Home to over 50 mammal species and around 400 bird species. Conservation efforts here focus on anti-poaching activities and habitat preservation across the reserve’s immense landscape.
Mikumi National Park
- Size: 3,230 square kilometers
- How to Get There: About a 5-hour drive from Dar es Salaam or reachable by air with a transfer from a nearby airstrip.
- Famous For: Mikumi is famous for its large herds of buffalo and giraffes, offering excellent wildlife viewing in a less crowded setting.
- Species Count: The park supports over 40 mammal species and approximately 300 bird species. Conservation efforts here are directed towards protecting its wildlife and managing environmental impacts.
When To Go
Tanzania’s climate is fairly consistent year-round due to its proximity to the equator, but the rainy seasons—April to May and the short rains in November—are best avoided. Safaris in the northern regions remain enjoyable during these periods, though activities in lowland tropical areas may be less pleasant.
Top Tips
On Safari: Remain inside your vehicle to stay safe. Animals can perceive you as a potential threat if you’re outside.
Trekking Safety: Never trek alone and ensure others know your general itinerary.
Stay Hydrated: The hot, dry climate can lead to heat-related illnesses; drink plenty of water.
Responsible Trekking: Choose a tour operator that follows ethical guidelines on porters.
Malaria Precautions: Malaria is present in most areas of Tanzania. Consult your doctor for the appropriate anti-malarial medication.
Holiday Highlights
Safaris and Wildlife: Tanzania stands as a premier safari destination, offering unparalleled wildlife experiences. From the iconic Serengeti to the remote Ruaha, the country’s parks provide a canvas for observing the Big Five—elephant, lion, leopard, rhinoceros, and Cape buffalo. Bird enthusiasts will be thrilled by the sight of over 1,100 species. Safari options vary from rugged camping to luxurious mobile camps and exclusive lodges.
Walking & Trekking: Tanzania is a trekker’s paradise, with diverse options from the slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest peak, to the endless plains of the Serengeti. The Rongai Route, known for its scenic beauty and manageable ascent, is ideal for non-technical climbers. For a unique experience, embark on a walking safari across the Serengeti with Maasai guides, offering an immersive adventure into the heart of the wilderness.
Mountain Biking: If cycling is more your style, Tanzania offers thrilling bike safaris through varied terrains. The combination of Kilimanjaro’s slopes and the Serengeti’s expanses creates diverse biking experiences. Popular routes include the Great Rift Valley and the journey from Kilimanjaro to Ngorongoro Crater. For the ambitious, a cycling adventure from Zanzibar to Kilimanjaro adds an extra dimension to your Tanzanian adventure.
Culture & History: Tanzania’s rich cultural tapestry includes over 100 tribal groups and more than 100 languages, contributing to a vibrant and peaceful nation. While Dar es Salaam offers a bustling urban experience with its markets and nightlife, the traditional lifestyle of tribes such as the Maasai and Hadzabe provides a fascinating contrast. Explore Olduvai Gorge, a pivotal site in human history, and engage with local cultures to gain a deeper understanding of Tanzania’s heritage.
SCUBA Diving: Zanzibar’s pristine waters are ideal for diving enthusiasts. The best conditions are from December to February when manta rays are commonly seen. With its clear waters and vibrant coral reefs, Zanzibar offers diving experiences suitable for all levels, from beginners to seasoned divers. Notable dive sites include the Morogo and Boribo reefs and the ‘Turtles Den’. While camping is rare on Zanzibar, there is a range of accommodation options to suit every budget.
In summary, Tanzania’s national parks and conservation efforts offer something for every traveler, whether you’re seeking wildlife adventures, cultural immersion, or underwater explorations.
Suggested itineraries:
Here are five of the best itineraries for a memorable holiday in Tanzania, each designed to highlight the country’s diverse offerings from thrilling safaris to cultural experiences and stunning landscapes:
1. Classic Northern Circuit Safari
Duration: 8-10 Days
Highlights:
- Serengeti National Park: Witness the Great Migration (seasonal) and explore the vast savannahs home to a myriad of wildlife, including the Big Five.
- Ngorongoro Crater: Experience a game drive in this UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its dense populations of wildlife and stunning volcanic landscapes.
- Tarangire National Park: Observe large herds of elephants and diverse birdlife in this lesser-visited gem.
Itinerary Overview:
- Day 1: Arrive in Arusha and transfer to your lodge.
- Day 2-3: Drive to Tarangire National Park for game drives.
- Day 4-5: Head to the Ngorongoro Crater for a day of game viewing.
- Day 6-8: Travel to the Serengeti for extended game drives and optional hot air balloon rides.
- Day 9: Return to Arusha for departure or relaxation.
2. Kilimanjaro Trekking and Serengeti Safari
Duration: 12-14 Days
Highlights:
- Mount Kilimanjaro: Undertake the challenge of climbing Africa’s highest peak via the Rongai Route, known for its scenic beauty and less crowded trails.
- Serengeti National Park: After your trek, embark on a safari to explore the Serengeti’s diverse wildlife.
Itinerary Overview:
- Day 1-2: Arrive in Kilimanjaro and prepare for your trek.
- Day 3-8: Trek Mount Kilimanjaro via the Rongai Route.
- Day 9: Descend and transfer to Arusha.
- Day 10-12: Fly or drive to Serengeti National Park for game drives.
- Day 13: Return to Arusha for departure or relaxation.
3. Zanzibar Beach and Cultural Experience
Duration: 7-10 Days
Highlights:
- Zanzibar: Relax on the pristine beaches of Zanzibar, explore the historic Stone Town, and indulge in vibrant local markets and cuisine.
- Spice Tour: Discover the island’s spice plantations and learn about the cultivation of cloves, nutmeg, and more.
Itinerary Overview:
- Day 1: Arrive in Zanzibar and transfer to your beach resort.
- Day 2-4: Enjoy beach time, water sports, and relaxation.
- Day 5: Take a spice tour and explore the island’s agricultural heritage.
- Day 6-7: Visit Stone Town for a cultural immersion, including historic sites and local markets.
- Day 8: Return to Dar es Salaam for departure or continue your journey.
4. Southern Circuit Adventure
Duration: 10-12 Days
Highlights:
- Ruaha National Park: Explore this remote park with its large predator populations and diverse landscapes.
- Selous Game Reserve: Experience one of Africa’s largest game reserves, known for its extensive elephant herds and boat safaris on the Rufiji River.
- Mikumi National Park: Enjoy game drives in this less crowded park with large herds of buffalo and giraffes.
Itinerary Overview:
- Day 1: Arrive in Dar es Salaam and transfer to Ruaha National Park.
- Day 2-4: Game drives and exploring Ruaha.
- Day 5-7: Transfer to Selous Game Reserve for safari activities including boat safaris.
- Day 8-9: Drive to Mikumi National Park for additional wildlife viewing.
- Day 10: Return to Dar es Salaam for departure or further exploration.
5. Cultural and Wildlife Immersion
Duration: 9-11 Days
Highlights:
- Ngorongoro Crater: Explore the unique landscape and wildlife of the Crater.
- Maasai Cultural Experience: Engage with the Maasai people to learn about their traditional lifestyle and customs.
- Serengeti and Lake Manyara National Parks: Combine game viewing in the Serengeti with bird watching and wildlife in Lake Manyara.
Itinerary Overview:
- Day 1: Arrive in Arusha and transfer to your lodge.
- Day 2-3: Drive to Lake Manyara National Park for wildlife and bird watching.
- Day 4-5: Visit the Ngorongoro Crater for game drives and cultural experiences with Maasai guides.
- Day 6-8: Travel to the Serengeti for extended safari adventures.
- Day 9: Return to Arusha for departure or additional local activities.
These itineraries provide a blend of Tanzania’s most iconic experiences, from exhilarating wildlife safaris and cultural interactions to relaxing beach escapes and challenging treks. Tailor your trip based on your interests and the time you have available to make the most of your Tanzanian adventure.
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro: Routes and Essentials
Mount Kilimanjaro, the towering giant of Tanzania and Africa’s highest peak at 5,895 meters (19,341 feet), presents one of the continent’s most iconic and accessible climbs. Standing majestically against the skyline, Kilimanjaro is renowned for its varied landscapes, from lush rainforests to stark alpine deserts. While it’s a formidable challenge, it’s also a bucket-list adventure for many. Here’s a guide to the most popular routes and what you need to know before setting foot on this legendary peak.
Marangu Route: The Classic Choice
Duration: 5-6 Days
The Marangu Route, often dubbed the “Coca-Cola” route, is the most established and straightforward way up Kilimanjaro. It’s the only route with hut accommodation, which offers a bit of comfort compared to camping routes. It’s a good option for those with limited time or who prefer a bit more comfort during their climb.
Highlights:
- Day 1: Trek from Marangu Gate through lush rainforest to Mandara Hut.
- Day 2: Continue through alpine meadows to Horombo Hut.
- Day 3: Acclimatize with a hike to the Mawenzi Ridge.
- Day 4: Ascend to Kibo Hut, the base camp for your summit bid.
- Day 5: Attempt the summit at dawn, then descend to Horombo Hut.
- Day 6: Finish the trek back to Marangu Gate.
Pros: Hut accommodation; relatively short duration; gradual ascent.
Cons: Can be crowded; the steady path means fewer scenic changes.
Rongai Route: The Less-Trodden Path
Duration: 6-7 Days
Approaching Kilimanjaro from the north, the Rongai Route is a quieter alternative to the more popular trails. It’s a good choice if you’re looking to escape the crowds and enjoy a more remote experience.
Highlights:
- Day 1: Begin at the Rongai Gate and trek through forest to Simba Camp.
- Day 2: Ascend through heathland to Kikelewa Camp.
- Day 3: Reach Mawenzi Tarn Camp for stunning views of Mawenzi Peak.
- Day 4: Proceed to Kibo Camp, the staging point for your summit attempt.
- Day 5: Summit Uhuru Peak early in the morning, then descend to Horombo Hut.
- Day 6: Continue the descent to Marangu Gate.
Pros: Less crowded; varied scenery; good for acclimatization.
Cons: Longer trek; requires a bit more time for acclimatization.
Lemosho Route: The Scenic Choice
Duration: 7-8 Days
The Lemosho Route is famed for its scenic variety and gradual ascent, making it one of the most picturesque and well-rounded options. This route begins from the western side of the mountain and offers a comprehensive Kilimanjaro experience.
Highlights:
- Day 1: Start from the Lemosho Gate, trekking through rainforest to Big Tree Camp.
- Day 2-3: Cross the Shira Plateau and traverse diverse landscapes to Shira Camp.
- Day 4: Hike to the Lava Tower for acclimatization, then descend to Barranco Camp.
- Day 5: Climb the Barranco Wall and continue to Karanga Camp.
- Day 6: Ascend to Barafu Camp, preparing for the summit.
- Day 7: Summit Uhuru Peak and descend to Mweka Camp.
- Day 8: Finish with a descent to Mweka Gate.
Pros: Scenic diversity; excellent acclimatization; fewer crowds.
Cons: Longer duration; requires good physical conditioning.
Shira Route: The High-Altitude Start
Duration: 7-8 Days
Similar to the Lemosho, the Shira Route starts at a higher altitude on the Shira Plateau. It’s known for its stunning views and relatively lower traffic, offering a less conventional but equally rewarding climb.
Highlights:
- Day 1: Trek from the Shira Gate to Shira Camp.
- Day 2-3: Explore the Shira Plateau and Lava Tower.
- Day 4: Descend to Barranco Camp, with acclimatization at Lava Tower.
- Day 5: Ascend the Barranco Wall, then move to Karanga Camp.
- Day 6: Continue to Barafu Camp, prepare for the summit.
- Day 7: Summit Uhuru Peak and descend to Mweka Camp.
- Day 8: Final descent to Mweka Gate.
Pros: High-altitude start; varied landscapes; less crowded.
Cons: Higher starting point can impact acclimatization.
Umbwe Route: The Steep Challenge
Duration: 6-7 Days
The Umbwe Route is the most direct and challenging route to the summit. Known for its steep inclines and technical sections, it’s suited for experienced trekkers seeking a tougher adventure.
Highlights:
- Day 1: Start from Umbwe Gate and trek through dense forest to Umbwe Camp.
- Day 2: Climb to Barranco Camp, navigating steep terrain.
- Day 3-4: Ascend through the Barranco Wall and continue to Karanga and Barafu Camps.
- Day 5: Summit Uhuru Peak and descend to Mweka Camp.
- Day 6: Final descent to Mweka Gate.
Pros: Direct route; challenging; fewer trekkers.
Cons: Steep and strenuous; requires excellent fitness and acclimatization.
Essential Tips
- Acclimatization: Allow extra days for acclimatization to prevent altitude sickness.
- Gear: Pack appropriate clothing for varying climates and layers for summit night.
- Permits: All routes require permits and must be booked through licensed operators.
- Guides: Hiring experienced guides and porters is essential for safety and support.
Climbing Kilimanjaro is a once-in-a-lifetime experience. Choose your route based on your preferences for scenery, challenge, and comfort, and prepare for a trek that combines physical endurance with breathtaking beauty.
Photo by Crystal McClernon on Unsplash
